Everything about Doctrine Of Signatures totally explained
This article is about a philosophy regarding plants. Doctrine of signatures is also used in the occult to refer to the idea that the arrangement of magical signatures has certain powers.
The
doctrine of signatures is an ancient
European philosophy that held that
plants bearing parts that resembled human body parts,
animals, or other objects, had useful relevancy to those parts, animals or objects. It could also refer to the environments or specific sites in which plants grew. Many of the plants that were so regarded today still carry the word root "
wort", an
Anglo-Saxon word meaning "plant" or "herb", as part of their modern name.
In Christianity
Christian European metaphysics expanded this philosophy in theology. According to the Christian version, the
Creator had so set his mark upon Creation, that by careful observation one could find all right doctrine represented (see the detailed application to the
Passionflower) and even learn the uses of a plant from some aspect of its form or place of growing.
For the late medieval viewer, the natural world was vibrant with the numinous images of the Deity: "
as above, so below," a
Hermetic principle expressed as the relationship between
macrocosm and microcosm; the principle is rendered
sicut in terra.
Michel Foucault expressed the wider usage of the doctrine of signatures, which rendered
allegory more real and more cogent than it appears to a modern eye:
» "Up to the end of the sixteenth century, resemblance played a constructive role in the knowledge of Western culture. It was resemblance that largely guided
exegesis and the interpretation of texts; it was resemblance that organized the play of symbols, made possible knowledge of things visible and invisible, and controlled the art of representing them." (
The Order of Things, p. 17)
The radical visionary
Jakob Böhme (1575-1624), a master shoemaker of
Görlitz, had a profound mystical vision as a young man, in which he saw the relationship between God and man signalled in all things. Inspired, he wrote
Signatura Rerum (1621), soon rendered in English as
The Signature of all Things and the spiritual doctrine was applied even to the medicinal uses that plants' forms advertised.
In homeopathy
The doctrine of signatures was given renewed thrust in the writings of the Swiss physician
Paracelsus von Hohenheim (1493-1541) and continued to be embraced until the 17th century.
The 17th century botanist and herbalist
William Coles (1626-1662), author of
The Art of Simpling and
Adam in Eden, found that
walnuts were good for curing head ailments because
"they Have the perfect Signatures of the Head", and as for
Hypericum "The little holes whereof the leaves of Saint Johns wort are full, doe resemble all the pores of the skin and therefore it's profitable for all hurts and wounds that can happen thereunto."
Nicholas Culpeper's often reprinted
herbal takes the doctrine of signatures as common knowledge, and its influence can be detected still in modern
herbal lore.
The doctrine of signatures was expounded in mainstream medical texts into the 19th century and has remained a working principle of
homeopathy.
Some "wort" plants and their signatures
- Lousewort, Pedicularis - thought to be useful in repelling lice
- Spleenwort, Asplenium - thought to be useful in treating the spleen
- Liverwort - thought to be useful in treating the liver
- Toothwort, Dentaria - thought to be useful in treating tooth ailments
- Hedge woundwort, dark red flowers, also has antiseptic qualities
Further Information
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